Write A 2000 Word Justification For Choice Of Research Method In A

Write A 2000 Word Justification For Choice Of Research Method In A Write A 2000 Word Justification For Choice Of Research Method In A Social Science Research Project â€" Essay Example > STUDENT FULL NAMEPROFESSOR’S NAMEINSTITUTION AFFILLIATEDDUE DATE OF ASSIGNMENTTHE IMPACT OF STRESS IN THE WORKING ENVIRONMENT OF NURSING HOME STAFFRESEARCH METHOD IN A SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH PROJECTThe claim that qualitative research involves an interpretive and naturalistic approach meaning studying things in their natural settings, to interpret, attempting to make sense of work related stress in terms of the its impact on performance. (Denzin and Lincoln 2000) Qualitative studies about circumstances associated with occupational stress provide new insights into the dynamics of working environment and mental wellbeing. (Bryman et al 1996) To understand the impact of stress on the performance of nursing home staffs from their own perspective understand complex behaviours that are difficult to analyse quantitatively. The intention of the interviewer is to listen and understand the voice of participants, observe and record them in their working environments to be able to describe work related stress from the participants’ points of view through interviews and observations. (Field and Morse 1992)The in-depth interviews shall be conducted at Nursing Homes, conducted in private room with no others present and where the Nursing Home Staff would feel that there is a complete guaranteed of their privacy. The nursing staffs were informed of the purpose of the interview that it was to study the impact of work related stress in the working environment of Nursing Home staff. It was important that the interviewer be honesty, sincere and maintained the truth, concerning the purpose of the interview, the anticipated outcome to the individual participant and nursing home community. To find a good and conducive room may be difficult in a busy Nursing Home, but every effort was made to protect participants’ privacy to the greatest extent possible by using one of the offices in the Nursing Home. Interviewer is required to move from one nursing home to another, therefor e prior arrangement should be made to find a suitable room for the interview to take place the best way is to invite participants to suggest a room where they would feel comfortable. SamplingThe staff members of ten nursing homes were recruited to take part in the in-depth interview to assess the impact of stress on the working environment at the nursing home. The interview was documented by writing field notes, tape recordings, and later analysing those notes. The evaluation included proportion, absolute number and representativeness of individual’s staff members who were willing to participate in the study. The RE-AIM framework model was used in the determination of sample size where two levels criteria of evaluation were used that were; the Nursing Home concerned to implement, reach, and effectively maintain stress free working environment. (Glasgow et al 1999) The inclusion and exclusion criteria, for the impact of stress on working environment of Nursing Home Staff was a qua litative research that involved the study of the understanding of work related stress at Nursing Homes, inclusion and exclusion criteria should be broadly defined in order to understand the impact of stress at work, under what conditions it is expressed or exists that is working environment. Sample sizes for qualitative study are typically large to fully understand how work related stress influences the performance of individuals and are based on the principle of data saturation or redundancy. In general, sampling plans for qualitative research are based on identifying Nursing Home Staff who would be good informants of the work related stress. (Whittemore et al 2010)

Differences Between Idealism and Realism - 3232 Words

Philosophers say the key to understanding human life is answering the really philosophical questions such as why are we here? Where did we come from? Where will we go? And so on and so forth. This has truly been a debate for the ages in philosophy, one that has stimulated thinkers, philosophers, theologists and scientists for thousands of years, hence led emergence of idealism and realism as two major traditional philosophical schools of thought in the realm of philosophy. So this paper projects the meaning of idealism and meaning of realism then discusses in detail the basic assumptions of idealism and those of realism and how these two traditional schools of thought differ and their implications within the educational setting. Meaning†¦show more content†¦We achieve greater and greater knowledge through proper study of the world. In Realism, a person is an empty vessel for knowledge which can only come from outside of the self, through observation. Aristotle is an exponent of realism. He asserts that matter has an objective reality and that matter is the underlying principle of all things. Philosophers like Herbert Spencer and John Locke postulated that matter is the ultimate reality. They say that things we experience with our senses such as hills, trees, animals, sand, water and man are simply not ideas in the mind of the observing individuals or even in the mind of an external observer. Rather they exist in themselves independent of the mind. Realism categorized in Religious realism, Aristotle Realism and Scientific realism Religious realism represented by Thomas Aquinas asserts that mind and matter form the composite. Man is a composite of body and soul. The spirit is more important and higher than the body. He argues that this is proved through revelation and reasoning. Seetharamu (1989) argues that Aristotle Realism was proposed by Aristotle who was Plato’s student where by Aristotle believed that the world could be understood at a fundamental level through the detailed observation and cataloguing of phenomenon. That is knowledge, which is what the wordShow MoreRelatedDifferences Between Idealism and Realism3232 Words   |  13 Pagesled emergence of idealism and realism as two major traditional philosophical schools of thought in the realm of philosophy. So this paper projects the meaning of idealism and meaning of realism then discusses in detail the basic assumptions of idealism and those of realism and how these two traditional schools of thought differ and their implications within the educational setting. Meaning of idealism Idealism is one of the traditional philosophical schools of thought, idealism as describe by IshumiRead MoreExploring the Differences Between Idealism and Representative Realism695 Words   |  3 PagesExploring the Differences Between Idealism and Representative Realism The two differences between idealism and representative realism are, realists believe that objects properties such as smell and taste exist in the object but representative realists disagree and believe that these need to perceive to exist. The second difference between idealism and representative realism is for idealists things only exist when perceived, whereas representative realism means thingsRead MoreIdealism and Realism in International Relations Essay1318 Words   |  6 Pagesthe units, relations between states, and maintaining peace in the international system. Areas of international relations include diplomacy, international law, international finance, etc. Within this field of study, idealism and realism are two main theories. The two rivaling theories have been on a great debate, or discussion, since the emergence of international relations. From interpretation to decision-making, they are on distinctive stand from each other. On one hand, idealism focus on what ‘should’Read MorePhilosophy of Science in Social Research1455 Words   |  6 Pagesapproaches of philosophy of science in social research- * Realism * Empiricism * Positivism * Post positivism * Idealism * Rationalism * Functionalism * Structuralism * Utilitarianism * Instrumentalism * Feminism * Materialism * Skepticism * Nomothetic and Ideographic * Solipsism * Atomism * Holism * Perspectivism * Relativism These are described below- * Realism: Realism is a perspective of social research which representsRead MoreRealism And Its Impact On The Mind Independent Existence Of The World935 Words   |  4 PagesTraditionally, realism is associated with any position that endorses belief in the reality of something. Thus, one might be a realist about one s perceptions of tables and chairs (sense datum realism), about tables and chairs themselves (external world realism), or about mathematical entities such as numbers and sets (mathematical realism), and so forth. Scientific realism is a realism about whatever is depicted by our best scientific theories—from this point forward, ‘realism’ here denotes scientificRead MoreComparative Art: A Progression from Realism to Impressionism1352 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Realism to Impressionism 1 Realism to Impressionism: A Progression The 19th century was a time of radical change and innovation in nearly every aspect of society. The Industrial Revolution changed the face of transportation, business, and science. A race for resources and power among European nations led to colonization of the most remote areas of the world. Old political structures stumbled while new ones like Communism took root. The arts were not immune to this climate of change. LiteratureRead MoreShakespeare s Othello - Desdemona And Emilia Essay959 Words   |  4 Pagestime Iago. They are part and parcel of what goes on in the play and eventually how the crisis of the play is resolved. The most important similarity between Desdemona and Emilia is their loyalty to their husbands. A sharp contrast between these two women is realized with regard to Desdemona’s innocence and idealism and Emilia’s experience and realism. These two females of the play can be compared and contrasted in a number of ways.† â€Å"One of the most important aspects that caught my eye right awayRead MoreIntellectual Progress Of Mankind By Martin Luther King Jr.1610 Words   |  7 Pagesto his life. Three main subject leads toward Intellectual Progress of mankind, philosophies, ideologies, and theories which this paper examines as related themes that often intersect in educational ideas (Gutek, 2004). Philosophy falls somewhere between the arts and sciences. On the one hand, it offers idiosyncratic worldviews that may be too disparate to compare. It is not surprising, then, that the question â€Å"Is philosophy progressive?† is hardly ever raised. From one viewpoint, it offers quirkyRead More1.Explain Some Of The Benefits A Student May Gain By Studying1290 Words   |  6 Pagesdualism and idealism. Materialism, dualism, and idealism are all alike in the sense that they all state what is considered real. Idealism claims that reality is immaterial, something other than matter. Materialism claims that reality, or Being, consists of physical objects and their components. Substance Dualism claims that both the immaterial and the material objects exist. 7. Evaluate the 4 views as to the nature of universals and particulars. The 4 views are extreme or platonic realism, exaggeratedRead MoreThe Realist Versus Liberalist Debate1432 Words   |  6 Pages If we look at history, as Dr. Hirst explained in one of her lectures, Liberalism, or Idealism as some may call it, was the founding theory in IR. It offered an optimistic view of the world inherited from enlightment philosophers such as John Locke and Immanuel Kant. Liberalism is based on the belief that nation states will end up cooperating and that there will be peace amongst them. On the other hand, Realism, inspired by the works of Machiavelli and Hobbes, offer a pessimistic view of the world

Essay on Marijuana Is Helpful For Medical Use - 606 Words

For years there has been a wonder drug, which has befriended countless sick patients in a number of countries. A relatively inexpensive drug that is not covered by health care plans, which has aided the ill both mentally and physically--marijuana. Significant scientific and medical studies have demonstrated that marijuana is safe for use under medical supervision and that the cannabis plant, in its natural form, has important therapeutic benefits that are often of critical medical importance to persons afflicted with a variety of Life-threatening illnesses. Courts have recognized marijuanas medical value in treatment and have ruled that marijuana can be a drug of â€Å"necessity† in the treatment of glaucoma, cancer, AIDS, and multiple†¦show more content†¦So if there are so many benefits, then why is marijuana not legal? Many states contend that the ban on medical marijuana is necessary to prevent drug abuse and the availability of illicit drugs and to control the purity of medicinal drug products. These states have no compelling interest in intervening to needlessly prolong terminal patients suffering. States should allow the medical use of marijuana under strict regulations, rather than uphold an outdated drug classification scheme. While federal agencies adamantly maintain marijuana has â€Å"no accepted medical use in treatment in the United States,† the medical prohibition has come under strong legal challenge from seriously ill Americans who have been arrested on marijuana-related charges. In U.S. v. Randall, a Washington, D.C. man afflicted by glaucoma employed the little-used Common Law doctrine of necessity to defend himself against criminal charges of marijuana cultivation. On November 24, 1976, federal Judge James Washington ruled Randalls use of Marijuana constituted a â€Å"medical necessity.† If a judge can determine when a â€Å"medical necessity† is warranted and can rule that a sick individual should be granted the legal use of marijuana, then should a licensed physician not be just as capable of doing so, if not...much more capable? Well-trained medical professionals rather than inapt federal bureaucrats should be responsible for determining a patients medical care routine.Show MoreRelatedLegalization of Marijuana Essay731 Words   |  3 Pages Legalizing marijuana has been an ongoing discussion in the united states for many years. Many people think there is no good way to use, while other people believe it could be a helpful medical treatment. Recreational use is what makes this drug a problem. Many people use this drug for non-medical purposes causing it to become a cash crop drug. Marijuana should be legal for medical purposes only. If it was made legal for medical purposes it could help many people who have diseases that can be curedRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1053 Words   |  5 PagesMedical marijuana, also called cannabis, is used in some places as a medication to treat diseases and symptoms. Many people consider it helpful and harmless making it the most used illicit drug in North America. With legalizing medical marijuana people can alleviate some health problems and help ease physical pain, but it also can bring many concerns, questions, and responsibility. Legalizing cannabis can help many people with their health conditions. There are some advantages to taking medicalRead MoreThe Legalization Of Medical Marijuana866 Words   |  4 PagesJimmy Fulcher Mrs. Gallos English 3 31 October 2014 Legalization of medical marijuana in North Carolina Legalizing medical marijuana for North Carolina would be extremely beneficial. Marijuana does not only relieve stress but it can cure symptoms of cancer, epilepsy, glaucoma, and Crohns’s disease. Twenty-three states have already legalized it and it has helped thousands of people. If something that is grown naturally in the earth can be beneficial to society and do the same job as all these drugsRead MoreMarijuana As A Medicine And Medicine1571 Words   |  7 Pages The use of marijuana as medicine is a fairly new concept and doesn t have much information on it, however it is slowly being tested and studies have shown the advantages and disadvantages to using it medically. Marijuana, more scientifically known as Cannabis, is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States. Evidence supports that it may have properties that could show its usefulness in the medical field. For example, it has been used in the treatment of nausea, glaucoma, and migrainesRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1051 Words   |  5 PagesThe term medical marijuana refers to the using the whole unprocessed marijuana plant or its basic extracts to treat a disease or symptom. But how can you really help? Medical marijuana may help stop the growth of blood vessels that feed cancerous tumors. And what I am currently researching is how medical marijuana can help treat illnesses. For medical marijuana we basically use THC and CBD both or cannabinoids that are in t he marijuana plant. For THC it increases appetite and reduces nausea. THCRead MoreWhy Marijuana Should Be Legalized Essay883 Words   |  4 PagesWhy Marijuana Should Be Legalized Willie Nelson once said, â€Å"I think people need to be educated to the fact that marijuana is not a drug. Marijuana is an herb and a flower. God put it here. If He put it here and He wants it to grow, what gives the government the right to say that God is wrong?† Marijuana has been a plant for longer than any human has been alive. Civilizations have used marijuana for hundreds of years for hundreds of purposes. But ever since the 1970’s when growing or havingRead MoreShould Marijuana Be A Medical Option?1438 Words   |  6 PagesThe debate regarding marijuana for medical usage has become more evident in recent years. There has been a controversy in both the public and healthcare arena. The debate on legalization of marijuana has some advocators emphasizing the benefits of using medical marijuana such as relieving chronic pain, nausea and vomiting while the opponents are emphasizing the ability to become addicted to of this drug and the lack of research done to know the side effects (Porche, 2013). Overall the real questionRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?966 Words   |  4 PagesMarijuana usage should be legalized in the state of Georgia. The legalization of marijuana is going faster than many thought possible. Eight states ar e considering replacing criminal penalties with fines, and are considering decriminalizing possession. Medical marijuana is on the table for seventeen other states also (Ross, J. K. 2014, 05). This drug can be used in many helpful, medical purposes. Cannabis oil can be used to treat certain seizure disorders in both children and adults. These are afflictionsRead MoreMedical Marijuana Essay1059 Words   |  5 PagesMedical Marijuana One of the most controversial issues in the United States is over medical marijuana. Many experiments test the validity of the drug as a medicine, and results of these experiments receive much praise but also some critique. The DEA and the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML) are battling over the issue. The underlying matter that cannot be ignored is that marijuana proves to be a useful medication for many patients, especially those with wastingRead MoreThe chemicals in the cannabis, or marijuana plant can cause desired psychological and physical1100 Words   |  5 PagesThe chemicals in the cannabis, or marijuana plant can cause desired psychological and physical effects on the human body. However, for many years there has been an ongoing debate about the legality of the drug. In the last few years specifically, the issue has become very popular and has received a lot of attention from the media. Citizens, doctors, and politicians have many different views and opinions on whether the drug is dangerous or harmless. Marijuana comes from a natural plant and causes

Week Assignment Free Essays

It is important that organizations implement a monitoring system to insure that employees are learning on the job. Just because employees are educated in a classroom does not mean that they have the knowledge to do the tasks efficiently and effectively as possible. Knowledge comes from experience of performing daily tasks and as the employees achieve more experience on the job the greater the knowledge they will gain (Carving, 2000). We will write a custom essay sample on Week Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most employees want to achieve the greatest success in life and at work. It is important that organizations find ways to compliment the employees successes through a reward or incentive program that will reinforce positive learning. Managers need to find ways to follow-up with employees on what they have learned and this can be accomplished through employee evaluations and refresher training on a periodic basis. Keeping the employee in the know is also a very important element. The employee needs to have the understanding that what is expected of them through goal setting and timeliness. If an employee has a guide of expectations it will assist the management team to understand if the employee is acquiring knowledge at the standard rate. Managers have to now when employees are not gaining knowledge. Knowledge management is more than just placing an employee in a job and asking a co-worker to train them. In a knowledge management environment the manager may find that an employee with many years of experience was never properly trained. This failure in appropriate training may be costing the employee efficiency or quality. To get the greatest rewards from all of the company’s assets it is important to understand the overall value of the asset. If employees are top of the organizations assets it is important to get the greatest return on the investment. Employees must work in a positive culture and positive environment. Employees will learn at a faster rate if the culture and environment that they are working in is a positive environment. If other employees step-up to give new employees direction or find ways to assist with mentoring employees the organization will achieve higher levels of success. Managers must understand that to build the greatest teams it takes a level of knowledge of how the game is played. Managers can not just throw employees into work they must give employees the opportunity to learn the task and the job. There must be a high level of profitable learning through a sharing process. Employees need the time to interact and feel they are an important element to the team in which they work. The results of the team will be much greater if the knowledge is spread throughout the whole organization. According to Rummies (2002) knowledge management is a systematic process by which knowledge needed for an organization to succeed is created, captured, shared and leveraged. Managers must monitor the knowledge levels in every employee and insure that each employee is learning at a positive rate. To achieve the greatest success knowledge management must be enforced for organizations to succeed. This is why through economical uncertainty it is important that organizations implement and manage how knowledge is evolved. How to cite Week Assignment, Papers Week assignment Free Essays How did the Johnny Cupcakes brand originate? Johnny worked at a record store when he was around 18. When he worked at the record store he was given a number of different nicknames one being Johnny cupcake. Johnny was also in a rock band and was making t-shirts for the band. We will write a custom essay sample on Week assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now At this time he started making t-shirts that had cupcakes on them. He sold the shirts from his car at first. His brand was becoming more and more popular he was able to open a store front. Now his company has many store fronts from Boston to LA with a verse product line. His stores have a fake bakery theme that helps draw in people’s interest. You can also say it’s a family run business his mom is the SCOFF. She allows him to think freely this allows him to keep coming up with new Ideas. 2. According to the information In the video, what does Earl say Is an essential part of being an entrepreneur? The most essential part of being an entrepreneur Is taking risks. This Is what make you an entrepreneur make something on your own. Starting you own company and aging Jobs for others. Another Important thing that was said was â€Å"everything has been done before†. This makes It a little harder for you to come up with a competitive idea. Your goal Is to figure out how to draw people’s attention to your product. Then make them want to buy your product. For an example Johnny spent almost kick to set up his LA store. He went above and beyond to make Is store stand out In a city were that very hard. Johnny understood that his store would have to make a tenement for It to make It In such a competitive make place Like LA. The cupcake t- shirt store was very detailed Like an exhibit. They are stores that people want to Just go and experience and buy something to remember that experience. Week 3 assignment By Jessica him to think freely this allows him to keep coming up with new ideas. 2. According to the information in the video, what does Earl say is an essential part The most essential part of being an entrepreneur is taking risks. This is what make aging Jobs for others. Another important thing that was said was â€Å"everything has been done before†. This makes it a little harder for you to come up with a competitive idea. Your goal is to figure out how to draw people’s attention to your product. Then set up his LA store. He went above and beyond to make is store stand out in a city statement for it to make it in such a competitive make place like LA. The cupcake t- shirt store was very detailed like an exhibit. They are stores that people want to Just How to cite Week assignment, Papers Week Assignment Free Essays At this time the heroin turns to a sticky liquid ND wriggles around on the foil like a Chinese dragon. Fumes are given off and it is inhaled sometimes through a rolled up newspaper, magazine or some kind of tube. There are â€Å"two-thirds of all heroin users chase the dragon; chasing the dragon is less of a health risk than people using needles. We will write a custom essay sample on Week Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now † (Cools, J. , 1 992) When a person shoots up everything goes straight into the blood stream: entrust heroin but also anything the heroin has been cut with and any other toxic substances. Chasing the dragon means no toxic substances will directly get into a person’s bloodstream. The inhaling of iron fumes would enter the lungs where the blood vessels would absorb the heroin. What is the problem? Besides health problems, heroin causes many problems in society; families can be broken, relationships heroin could cause domestic violence, child abuse, and risk of sexually transmitted diseases. According to studies, â€Å"show that surprisingly, poor people spend a greater percentage of money on acquiring drugs than middle-class and upper-class people. † (Rehabs, 201 5) What are the individual and social implications of this problem? The nature of social environmental factors influence on substance abuse is unclear. A longitudinal study was undertaken to determine the relative power of social network and neighborhood characteristics to predict continuing illicit drug use. † (Schroeder, PhD, Latin, PhD, Hoover, PhD, Curry, MS, Knowles, Sad, Celebrant, Sad, 2000) The medical and social consequences of drug heroin are, â€Å"hepatitis, HIVE/AIDS, fetal effects, crime, violence, and disruptions in family, workplace and educational environments have a devastating impact on society and costs billions of dollars each year N. 2014) What do the experts say about the problem? The impact of heroin use is an issued all cross the United States, heroin being identified as the most or one of the most drug abuses that has affected regions coast to coast. Heroin is extremely addictive no matter how a person uses it, injection and smoking increases the risk of addiction. Once a person becomes addicted to heroin it takes co ntrol of their lives. What have we, as a society, done about this problem? One Of things our society is trying to do is creating a drug-free society, however there has never been drug-free society in our history of civilization. The majority of Americans agree that the drug war is not working. Therefore our society has come up with three simple solutions; â€Å"offer treatment to people who wants help with their drug addiction, leave people alone who don’t want or need treatment, and continue to hold people responsible for their crimes that harm others. â€Å"(Newman, T. , 2014) How are public policies and other, less formal responses working? Heroin overdoses is happening every. Inhere around me. The public policies such as addict who wants help must enter a treatment center. However, if the heroin addict really doesn’t want help, going into a treatment center will not work at all. In Northern Kentucky, â€Å"our hospital SST. Elizabeth has a new program to provide Malone kits for heroin ODD victims, the hospital is expecting to get at least 600 of the kits. † (Filcher, J. , 2015) This kit may save lives, but it wont stop a person from using heroin. Describe an alternative solution to the problem and effective response to Heroin. Kentucky Senate panel approves anti- heroin bill after hearing an emotional testimony. In January, 2015 the Senate Bill 5 was approved to help Kentucky deadly heroin epidemic. One of things that was on that bill was â€Å"permitting police officers, firefighters, and aromatics to carry and administer Malone, a drug that can reverse the effects of a heroin overdose, without any civil or criminal liability. † (Chives, J. 201 5) Conclude with your thoughts about your chosen social problem. My thoughts in regards to heroin may not be a solution but a question instead. Heroin is everywhere, it could be a person spouse, sibling, child, niece, nephew and their cousin, heroin doesn’t care who it is a devil drug. There is so much information out there telling people or even showing people what would happen to them if they used heroin. Does that stop them no? My nephew seven or eight years ago, used to be bull rider. He was hit in the face by the bull’s head which caused my nephew a lot of pain, and a plate inside the right part of his face. His doctor had him on Concoction for pain medication which caused him to get addict to this drug. When the doctor took him off cold turkey and weaning him off, sadly the only relieve he had was finding another drug to help with the pain and the withdrawals. That is when heroin took over his life. He has been in out of county and state institutions, plus rehab centers after rehab centers and continues after few months of being release, he has overdose once again on heroin. When the devil drug calls out your name, the addict will come. Of course just like anybody else that has a love one, hopes they never used again, but now after my nephew had done it so many times, it’s hard to hope when you know it isn’t going to help. My solution for my nephew and any other addict being released from rehab, find something to occupy your time. I have tried to encourage my nephew to become a drug counselor, and he won’t even consider it. How to cite Week Assignment, Papers

Modernism and Literature free essay sample

A discussion of modernism and its representation in literature. This paper examines modernism as it has been reflected in literature. Examples of the works of T.S. Eliot, Robert Frost, and Edward Estlin Cummings, among others, are discussed. Modernism embraces the changes that life throws at us. Emerging as a movement, modernism expressed its sense of modern life through art as a sharp contrast from the past. Life seemed more scientific, more technological and more mechanized. Artists explored themselves and their surroundings. Literature reflected life. It questioned life and all that encompasses it. T. S. Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock draws the reader into darkened alleys that, like life, do not offer any answers to the questions of life. Eliot creates a bond with the reader with his, you and I. He leads the reader through darkness and despair with his half deserted streets and his cheap hotels. We will write a custom essay sample on Modernism and Literature or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He leaves us wondering where we are going. To find out the answer we must walk the path. We must ?make our visit.?

Sustainability and Waste Management

Sustainability and Waste Management Introduction The rapid economic development of Australia has underlined the necessity to minimize the impact of human activities on the environment. Scientists and public administrators pay close attention to waste management. One can say that the increasing dependence on landfills is one of the problems that should be addressed by policy-makers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sustainability and Waste Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper is aimed at showing that people recover energy from waste, rather than deposit it in landfills. This is the main thesis that should be elaborated. Overall, this strategy has several important advantages that can be of great value to Australian community. In particular, it can reduce water, air and soil pollution caused by disposing of refuse in landfills. Secondly, this approach can decrease the cost of energy, and this opportunity is important for the economic sus tainability of the country. Finally, in the future, this approach can improve the use of land in various urban areas. These are the main aspects that can be singled out. The challenges associated with landfills In order to examine this topic, one should first illustrate the problems that are associated with landfills in Australia. It should be mentioned that during the period between 2001 and 2007, the amount of waste, which was deposited in landfills, grew by approximately 12 percent (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2013). In 2001, there were 19 million tons, while in 2007 there were 21.3 million tons (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2013). Overall, one can speak about commercial, industrial, and municipal waste that is not recycled in any away (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2013). This trend is likely to continue in the future. It should be noted that the dependence on landfills can increase in the future due to the rapid demographic growth of the Australian society. This argume nt is particularly relevant, if one speaks about large urban areas such as Sydney or Melbourne that attract people from different parts of the world. There are several challenges that are associated with the growth of landfills, for example, leachates or emissions to water, visual disamenities, or the release of greenhouse gases (BDA Group 2009, p. 4). Moreover, one should bear in mind that approximately 30 percent of Australian landfills do not have the technologies that can enable them to capture methane and other chemicals that can produce an adverse on the environment (Lancaster 2012, p. 133). Thus, the increasing reliance on landfills can contribute to greenhouse effect (BDA Group 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Furthermore, one should not forget that the decomposition of waste is a very time-consuming process (Lancaster 2012, p. 133). In some cases, the decomposition can take from 50 to 450 years (Lancaster 2012, p. 133). This is why this trend should not be overlooked by policy-makers who must ensure the environmental sustainability of the country. In particular, they need to find some viable alternatives to landfills that cannot remain the only approach to waste management. The benefits of waste-to-energy technologies There are several solutions to this problem, and one of them is the recovery of energy from waste. The most widespread method of achieving this goal is the incineration of refuse. In the past, policy-makers did not favor this approach because the incineration of waste could result in the emissions of various toxic materials such as dioxins and fly ash that can pose a threat to the health of a person (Afgan Carvalho 2002). However, in the course of the last two decades, waste-to-energy (WtE) technologies have considerably evolved and their negative impacts have been minimized (Worrell Vesilind 2011). For exampl e, modern incineration facilities emit a smaller amount of CO2 in comparison with landfills (Letcher 2008, p. 151). This is one of issues that should be considered by public administrators. Additionally, there are other methods of deriving energy from waste. For example, one can mention pyrolysis, thermal depolymerization, or plasma arc classification (Letcher 2008, p. 151). These processes can produce fuel-cell hydrogen, biodiesel, bioethanal, or crude oil that are necessary for the generation of energy (Letcher 2008, p. 151). These techniques can be useful for processing different types of waste. Furthermore, such processes can minimize the emission of toxic substances into air. Thus, one should not suppose that incineration is the only technique that can be used. To a great extent, these examples suggest that technological developments can help people generate from waste. This is one of the points that can be made.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sustain ability and Waste Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are several examples that can illustrate the usefulness of WtE technologies. For instance, this approach minimizes the release of various greenhouse gases as carbon dioxide, methane, or nitrogen oxides (Afgan Carvalho 2002, p. 445). These substances can be used for the generation of energy. More importantly, this approach can be a valuable tool for decreasing the greenhouse effect which is caused by methane or carbon dioxide (Worrell Vesilind 2011). This is the main environmental benefits of transforming refuse into a source of energy. Furthermore, these technologies can decrease the overall quantity of waste by more than 80 percent (Worrell Vesilind 2011). This benefit should not be overlooked by public administrators because in the future, the increasing amount of refuse can prevent the community from making an effective use of land in various urban areas of Australia w hich become much more populated (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2013). Furthermore, the growth of landfills can be attributed to intensifying economic activities. Thus, one should find ways of addressing this problem in the following years. To a great extent, the adoption of WtE technologies can be important for improving the environmental sustainability of the country and overall quality of life. These are some of the main examples that can be distinguished. Additionally, this strategy can help the national economy overcome its dependence on natural resources such as oil, natural gas, or coal that may eventually become depleted (Afgan Carvalho 2002, p. 445). It should be kept in mind, waste can be used to generate approximately 20 percent of electric power that urban areas need (Worrell Vesilind 2011, p. 23). Overall, the investment in these technologies can enable the country to save the cost of generating energy and use it for other purposes such as healthcare or education. Ye t, this opportunity is often lost nowadays. For example, a signification fraction of municipal waste combustible; furthermore, it can be used for the generation of energy (Worrell Vesilind 2011, p. 23). However, in many cases, it is not processed at all because there are not many facilities that can recover energy from this type of waste. The need to find alternative sources of energy can become even more urgent at the time when the price of fossil fuels increases.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is why the community should consider the benefits of WtE technologies because they can make Australia more self-sufficient. This is one of the issues that should be singled out because it is important for understanding the economic aspects of waste management. Admittedly, the recovery of energy from waste is not the only approach that policy-makers can consider. In particular, one should not forget about such a strategy as recycling which can also be viewed as a good alternative to landfills. In many cases, it can be a valid solution to environmental and economic problems. Nevertheless, this method is not always sufficient for reducing the volume of refuse. The problem is that some materials such as polymers cannot be effectively recycled. However, they can be used for the generation of energy. Therefore, one should not disregard the use of WtE technologies since these tools can decrease the amount of waste produced by various human activities. Conclusion Overall, this discussi on shows that by recovering energy from waste, one can derive considerable environmental and economic benefits. At present, the Australian community should find some alternative to landfills because the volume of refuse increases significantly due to demographic growth and intensifying economic activities. The use of various WtE technologies is helpful for reducing the volume of waste that can originate from households or commercial enterprises. Secondly, this type of processing minimizes the emissions of substances that contribute to greenhouse effects. Apart from that, this approach is critical for reducing the dependence on fossil fuels that can eventually become depleted. These are the main issues that can be identified. References Afgan, N Carvalho, M 2002, New and Renewable Technologies for Sustainable Development, Springer, New York. Australian Bureau of Statistics 2013, Waste Disposed to Landfills. Web. BDA Group 2009, The full cost of landfill disposal in Australia. Web. L ancaster, S 2012, Green Australia, Wakefield Press, Melbourne. Letcher, T 2008, Future Energy: Improved, Sustainable and Clean Options for our Planet, Elsevier, Boston. Worrell, W, Vesilind, P 2011, Solid Waste Engineering, SI Edition, Cengage Learning, New York. Sustainability and Waste Management Executive Summary The waste assessment was conducted to identify the waste generating processes and how to minimize waste at Nowra Chemical Manufacturers. The assessment indicates that wastes are mainly generated during the production of various chemicals. Specifically, wastewater is produced in the process of cleaning the manufacturing facilities. The wastewater is collected in a single waste tank where the chemicals in it mix to form solid waste (sludge).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Sustainability and Waste Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, the main waste minimization opportunity is to eliminate the formation of sludge. This can be achieved by installing at least three different waste tanks to collect wastewater. Wastewater that contains a specific chemical will be collected in a particular tank to prevent sludge formation. This strategy will enable the company to reduce the cost of waste m anagement significantly. Description of the Facility Nowra Chemical Manufacturers (NCM) is a medium sized producer of various chemical products in Australia. The company has employed 45 people who are specialized in various disciplines such as chemical engineering. The company produces â€Å"over 200 specialty chemicals, which include various detergents, cleaning products, and disinfectants† (NCM 2014). These products are manufactured in the company’s production facility that covers 5 acres of land. The company’s production site is located in Nowra, New South Wales. The site has three sections, which include the administration block, the storage area, and the factory. The factory area has 24 reactor tanks that are used for various chemical processes (NCM 2014). It also has 38 mixing vessels that are used to blend various chemicals and raw materials. The capacities of the vessels vary from 200 to 20,000 liters. The factory has 20 tanks that are used for bulk stor age of raw materials and finished products that are in liquid form. Currently, the company’s waste management practices focus on reducing discharge of effluent into the ambient environment. In this regard, the company has built bund walls to prevent spillage of wastewater and chemicals. The company also recycles wastes and steam to reduce pollution. Moreover, it strives to reduce the wash down water that it uses to dispose wastes from 50KL to 30 KL per week. These practices cost the company $60,000 annually (NCM 2014). Rationale for Waste Assessment The reasons for conducting the waste assessment include the following. First, it will help the company to comply with the regulations in its industry. The government of Australia requires all manufacturers to submit annual reports on the amount of wastes that they discharge into the environment (Chauhan 2008, p. 57). Manufacturers are also required to report on the actions that they have taken to reduce pollution. Second, the asse ssment will enable the company to achieve its desire to reduce wastes. The assessment has identified the areas that require improvement in terms of reduction in waste production. It has also recommended strategies for reducing the wastes. Third, implementation of the recommended waste reduction measures will enable the company to reduce its operating costs.Advertising Looking for case study on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Methodology Waste Assessment and Data Collection Site visits were conducted in order to collect the data that was required for the assessment. The first visit focused on collection of firsthand information concerning the operations at the manufacturing site. Specifically, the aim of the visit was to identify the sources of the wastes, the disposal routes, waste generation rates, and the composition of the wastes. Subsequent visits were conducted in order to review the compa ny’s waste management system. The main objective of the subsequent visits was to identify opportunities for waste minimization and safe disposal of wastes. The data used for the assessment was collected through the following strategies. First, interviews were conducted during the site visits to collect information concerning the waste generation processes. The interviewees included the company’s technical manager, production engineer, and the general manager. Second, observations were made during the site visits to identify the waste disposal routes and the composition of the wastes generated by the company. Finally, data was collected by reviewing relevant documents such as the company’s environmental sustainability reports, financial statements, and strategic plans for waste management. These documents provided important information such as the amount of waste generated per year, the cost of disposing the wastes, and the strategies being used by the company to minimize waste. Waste Generating Processes The company’s wastes mainly consist of solid and liquid materials. Sludge is the main solid waste produced by the company. The liquid waste mainly consists of used water and toxic liquid chemicals. The liquid waste is often treated before being discharged into the ambient environment. This helps in reducing the environmental effects of various toxicants in the liquid wastes (Kumar 2007, p. 78). NCM produces a large number of chemicals on a regular basis to meet the needs of its customers. As a result, it uses a wash down approach to clean vital facilities such as reactors and mixing vessels after every operation. This process generates large volumes of wastewater that is contaminated with various chemicals (NCM 2014). The wastewater and toxic liquid chemicals are collected in a waste tank where they are treated before being discharged into the environment. However, mixing the liquid wastes in the tank leads to formation of large qua ntities of solid wastes in the form of sludge. Overall, the company produces 25 tons of solid waste (sludge) and 2,400 KL of wastewater annually (NCM 2014).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Sustainability and Waste Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The disposal route begins at the waste tank where the liquid wastes are collected. The sludge produced in this tank is transferred to another tank where it is diluted and discharged into the company’s sewer. The sludge that remains in the tank is shoveled into filter bags to separate water from any solid wastes (NCM 2014). The sludge is then disposed in landfills that have been hired by the company. The cost of disposing the wastes is very high due to the inefficiencies in the company’s waste management system (Australian Government 2008). In particular, the waste management system is labor intensive since most of the processes such as shovelin g sludge is done manual. Additionally, the solid wastes have to be transported by trucks to landfills where they are disposed. Overall, the company spends approximately $60,000 annually to dispose its wastes. Results from the Waste Assessment Solid Wastes Analysis Sludge formation in the company’s waste stream is mainly caused by 41 chemical products that are regularly produced (NCM 2014). The 41 chemicals are categorized into three groups namely, anions, nonions, and others (disinfectants, emulsions, and oils). These chemicals react differently when mixed in wastewater as shown in table 1. Table 1 Chemicals in wastewater Results Anions mixed with anions No sludge is produced Nonions mixed with nonions No sludge is produced Disinfectants, emulsions, and oils mixed together Sludge is produced Nonions mixed with anions Sludge is produced Anions mixed with disinfectants, emulsions, and oils Sludge is produced Nonions mixed with disinfectants, emulsions, and oils S ludge is produced The production rate of each of the three categories of chemicals that produce sludge is summarized in table 2. Table 2 Chemical category Tons per year Anions 696 Nonions 571 Disinfectants, emulsions, and oils 433 Total 1,700 Waste Management Costs Table 3 presents a detailed analysis of the cost of managing the company’s solid and liquid wastes.Advertising Looking for case study on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Item Cost per unit in $ Cost per year in $ Water intake 0.30 per KL 3,487 Effluent Regular wastewater 0.04 per KL 461 BOD wastewater 0.70 per KL 2,822 Suspended solids 0.55 per KL 2,028 Labor 40 per hour 31,200 Equipment operation 876 Warehousing/ storage 8,250 Transportation (sludge) 75.30 per ton 1,920 Neutralizers 8,400 Figure 1: comparison of waste management cost items Figure 2: Six-year waste management costs Analyses of Results Waste Generation Table 1 indicates that solid waste (sludge) is generated when wastewater that contains different categories of chemicals mix. In addition, sludge is produced when wastewater that contains disinfectants, emulsions, and oils mix. Table 2 shows that anions form the largest share (40.94%) of the chemicals that cause sludge formation. Thus, much of the sludge formation can be attributed to wastewater that contains anions. The data presented in table 1 and 2 means that generation of solid waste can be reduced if the company avoids mixing wastewater that contains different chemicals. Table 3 and figure 1 indicate that labor is the major cost item in the company’s waste management budget. This is attributed to the fact that the waste management system is labor intensive. Figure 2, shows that the waste management costs have been increasing in the last six years. Thus, the company has to minimize its wastes in order to reduce its operating costs. Waste Minimization Opportunities The alternatives that the company can adopt to minimize waste include reduction of wastewater and solid wastes. Reduction of wastewater is likely to reduce the costs associated with treating wastes and discharging them into the ambient environment (Anand 2010, p. 89). However, achieving significant wastewater reduction will be difficult since future increase in production will lead to increased water intake. However, the company can achieve significant reduction in solid waste generation if it integrates clean pr oduction principles in its operations (Berkel 2000). In particular, the formation of sludge can be eliminated if the wastewater is discharged according to the chemicals that it contains. This means that the wastewater that contains each chemical will be discharged in a separate tank, thereby eliminating the formation of sludge (solid waste). Cost Benefit Analysis The costs associated with implementing clean production principles in order to reduce solid wastes include the following. First, the company will incur the costs associated with modifying its waste disposal system in order to prevent wastewater with different chemicals from mixing. Second, the company will incur the costs associated with conducting chemical mixing trails in order to identify more chemicals that are likely to form sludge when mixed. Finally, the company will have to train its employees on how to implement the new waste disposal system. In this case, the company will have to pay for the training if it is outs ourced. The benefits of implementing the new waste disposal system include the following. First, the volume of solid waste (sludge) will reduce considerably. As a result, the cost of disposing wastes will reduce significantly. Second, the company will not be required to change its production system by eliminating some products or using alternative raw materials (Australian Government 2008). Thus, the company will improve its competitiveness by reducing its waste management costs without changing its product range. Third, reducing sludge formation will reduce labor costs significantly. Labor costs will reduce because disposal of sludge is labor intensive. Finally, the storage space that is currently being used to store large filter bags that are used in the solid waste disposal system will be available for storing other items. Savings Analysis The new waste management system will enable the company to realize cost reductions as shown in table 4. Cost reduction will be achieved in wat er intake, labor, warehousing, and transportation. Table 4 Item Current cost per year in $ Expected cost per year in $ Savings per year in $ Water intake 3,487 3,200 287 Effluent Regular wastewater 461 461 0 BOD wastewater 2,822 2,822 0 Suspended solids 2,028 2,028 0 Labor 31,200 10,400 20,800 Equipment operation 876 1,000 -124 Warehousing/ storage 8,250 2,750 5,500 Transportation (sludge) 1,920 640 1,280 Neutralizers 8,400 8,500 -100 Total 59,444 31,801 27,643 Recommendations for Waste Minimization Objectives The aims of future waste minimization include the following. The first objective is to reduce the volume of solid waste (sludge) by 60% in the next two years. The second objective is to reduce the volume of wastewater from 2,400KL to 1,200 KL (50%) in the next two years. The final objective is to train all the five employees who are working in the technical department on the new waste management system. The waste minimization strategy is to prevent sl udge formation at the disposal point. In this regard, the waste disposal system will be modified by installing different waste tanks to collect wastewater that contains each of the major chemicals that produce sludge. The reduction in sludge formation will lead to reduction of wastewater since little water will be required to dilute solid wastes at the treatment plant (Berkel 2000). Implementing the Recommendations The first stage should focus on conducting chemical mixing trials to identify all the chemicals that are likely to form sludge when mixed. This will enable the company to determine the number of waste tanks that it should install to dispose wastewater that contains various types of chemicals. The second stage should focus on training the employees on the new waste management system. The training should focus on improving environmental conservation awareness among the employees, cleaning procedures, installing waste disposal facilities, and effluent management. In the last stage, the company should modify the effluent stream by installing at least three waste tanks to collect wastewater that contains each of the three types of chemicals that have already been identified as major causes of sludge formation. Each tank should have a unique color to prevent confusion during disposal of wastewater. Timeframe for the Implementation Activity to be implemented Time Chemical mixing trials 3 months Training employees 8 months Modifying the effluent stream 12 months References Anand, S 2010, Solid Waste Management, McGraw-Hill, New York. Australian Government 2008, Cleaner Production Demonstration Project at Nowra Chemical Manufacturers,. Web. Berkel, R 2000, Cleaner Production for Process Industries. Web. Chauhan, B 2008, Environmental Studies, McGraw-Hill, New York. Kumar, A 2007, Environmental Studies, John Wiley and Sons, New Delhi. NCM 2014, About Us: Sustainability. Web.

How to Revise Your Paper for Clarity

How to Revise Your Paper for Clarity Writing and revising a paper is a time-consuming and messy process, and this is exactly why some people experience anxiety about writing long papers. It’s not a task that you can finish in a single sitting- that is, you can’t if you want to do a good job. Writing is a process that you do a little bit at a time. Once you come up with a good draft, it’s time to revise. Ask yourself the following questions as you go through the revision process. Does the Paper Fit the Assignment? Sometimes we can get so excited about something we find in our research that it sets us off in a new and different direction. It’s perfectly fine to veer off in a new direction, as long as the new course doesn’t lead us outside the bounds of the assignment. As you read over a draft of your paper, take a look at the directional words used in the original assignment. There is a difference between analyze, examine, and demonstrate, for example. Did you follow the directions? Does the Thesis Statement Still Fit the Paper? A good thesis statement is a vow to your readers. In one single sentence, you stake a claim and promise to prove your point with evidence. Very often, the evidence we gather doesn’t â€Å"prove† our original hypothesis, but it does lead to new discovery. Most writers have to re-work the original thesis statement so it accurately reflects the findings of our research. Is My Thesis Statement Specific and Focused Enough? â€Å"Narrow your focus!† You’re very likely to hear that many times as you progress through the gradesbut you shouldn’t get frustrated by hearing it time and again. All researchers have to work hard at zooming in on a narrow and specific thesis. It’s just part of the process. Most researchers revisit the thesis statement several times before they (and their readers) are satisfied. Are My Paragraphs Well-organized? You can think of your paragraphs as little mini-essays. Each one should tell its own little story, with a beginning (topic sentence), a middle (evidence), and an end (concluding statement and/or transition). Is My Paper Organized? While your individual paragraphs may be well-organized, they may not be well-positioned. Check to make sure that your paper flows from one logical point to another. Sometimes good revision starts with good old cut and paste. Does My Paper Flow? Once you make certain that your paragraphs are placed in a logical order, you will need to revisit your transition statements. Does one paragraph flow right into another? If you run into trouble with, you might want to review some transition words for inspiration. Did you Proofread for Confusing Words? There are several pairs of words that continue to vex the most accomplished writers. Examples of confusing words are except/accept, whose/who’s, and effect/affect. It’s easy and quick to proofread for confusing word errors, so don’t omit this step from your writing process. You can’t afford to lose points for something so avoidable!